SCISD and SCISD-R
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Sleep Disorders (SCISD) and the revised version (SCISD-R) are semi-structured interviews for clinicians to assess the most common sleep disorders.
Before using the SCISD-R, please check back on the website listed in the citation for any updates to the manual or the instrument (denoted by date listed in the header of the manual and footer of the SCISD-R instrument).
The STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTERVIEW FOR SLEEP DISORDERS - REVISED© (SCISD-R) is protected worldwide by international copyright laws in all languages, with all rights reserved to University of North Texas, USA. Do not use without permission. For permission to use the SCISD-R in a study please contact the Mapi Research Trust at https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/structured-clinical-interview-for-dsm-5-sleep-disorders-revised.
SCISD-R
The revised version of the SCISD (below) is based on DSM-5 criteria for sleep disorders. Please note that the SCISD-R has not yet been validated, although it is closely based on the SCISD. We believe this is the preferred version. Please check back regularly in case new versions have been uploaded (latest version will be dated on bottom).
Reference: Taylor, D.J., Wilkerson, A., Pruiksma, K.E., Dietch, J.,R., & Wardle-Pinkston, S. (2019). Structured Clinical interview for Sleep Disorders-Revised (SCISD-R). Retrieved from https://insomnia.arizona.edu/SCISD
SCISD-R Manual
Our group, lead by Dr. Pruiksma, has now developed a manual for use with the SCISD-R.
Reference: Pruiksma, K.E., Dietch, J.,R., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Dolan, M. Wilkerson, A., & Taylor, D.J. (2020). User Manual for the Structured Clinical interview for Sleep Disorders-Revised (SCISD-R). Retrieved from https://insomnia.arizona.edu/SCISD
Training: In addition, we offer consultant and collaboration on projects using the SCISD-R and can provide the training as well as supervision and fidelity rating as needed. Please contact us at Pruiksma@uthscsa.edu and/or DanielJTaylor@arizona.edu if you would like to collaborate. The current Training Standard Operating (SOP) can be found below.
SCISD
Please note that the SCISD, in its current (below) form, was based on DSM5.org criteria released in 2010 (website no longer accessible), when our two studies requiring a diagnostic interview began. The actual DSM-5 was not published until 2013, once reliability data was already collected for the below study. Between the originally proposed criteria in 2010 and the final publication in 2013, a few additional disorder specific criteria were added for disorders such as hypersomnia. In addition, most of the other disorders had standard criteria added assessing clinically significant impairment. Finally, almost all the sleep disorders had language attempting to assess primary or secondary nature of the disorder (e.g., "not better explained"/"not attributable to" other sleep-wake disorders, substance, mental and medical disorders), despite considerable disagreement in the field about how reliable and valid assessments of these may be and a preference for the "comorbid" diagnosis. That said, we have developed the revised version of the SCISD (the SCISD-R, available above), which we hope to validate within academic sleep disorders centers.
Reference: Taylor, D. J., Wilkerson, A. K., Pruiksma, K. E., Williams, J. M., Ruggero, C. J., Hale, W., Mintz, J., Marczyk-Organeck, K., Nicholson, K. L., Litz, B. T., Young-McCaughan, S., Dondanville, K. A., Borah, E. V., Brundige, A., & Peterson, A. L.; on behalf of the STRONG STAR Consortium (2018). Reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Sleep Disorders Module. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14 (3), 459-464.
Abstract:
Study Objectives: To develop and demonstrate interrater reliability for a Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Sleep Disorders (SCISD).
Methods: The SCISD was designed to be a brief, reliable, and valid interview assessment of adult sleep disorders as defined by the DSM-5. A sample of 106 postdeployment active-duty military members seeking cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in a randomized clinical trial were assessed with the SCISD prior to treatment to determine eligibility. Audio recordings of these interviews were double-scored for interrater reliability.
Results: The interview is 8 pages long, includes 20 to 51 questions, and takes 10 to 20 minutes to administer. Of the nine major disorders included in the SCISD, six had prevalence rates high enough (ie, n ≥ 5) to include in analyses. Cohen kappa coefficient (κ) was used to assess interrater reliability for insomnia, hypersomnolence, obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea (OSAH), circadian rhythm sleep-wake, nightmare, and restless legs syndrome disorders. There was excellent interrater reliability for insomnia (1.0) and restless legs syndrome (0.83); very good reliability for nightmare disorder (0.78) and OSAH (0.73); and good reliability for hypersomnolence (0.50) and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (0.50).
Conclusions: The SCISD is a brief, structured clinical interview that is easy for clinicians to learn and use. The SCISD showed moderate to excellent interrater reliability for six of the major sleep disorders in the DSM-5 among active duty military seeking cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in a randomized clinical trial. Replication and extension studies are needed.
The NDI was developed as a brief instrument to screen for DSM-5 nightmare disorder. The NDI can be scored in two ways: 1) as a continuous measure, representing severity of nightmare disorder symptoms, and 2) to categorize respondents as having no nightmare disorder, subthreshold/partial criteria met, or probable nightmare disorder. Detailed scoring information is provided along with the measure.
The paper describing development and initial validation of the NDI is available below.
Reference: Dietch, J. R., Taylor, D. J., Pruiksma, K., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Slavish, D. C., Messman, B., ... & Kelly, K. (2020). The Nightmare Disorder Index: development and initial validation in a sample of nurses. Sleep. doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa254
Commercial users, healthcare organizations, funded users:
Please contact go to https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/nightmare-disorder-index for permission and licensing information.
The SWDI was developed as a brief instrument to screen for DSM-5 Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder-Shiftwork type. The SWDI can be scored in two ways: 1) as a continuous measure, representing severity of Shiftwork disorder symptoms, and 2) to categorize respondents as having no Shiftwork disorder, subthreshold/partial criteria met, or probable Shiftwork disorder. Detailed scoring information is provided along with the measure.
The paper describing development and initial validation of the SWDI is available below.
Reference: Taylor, D. J., Dietch, J. R., Wardle-Pinkston, S., Slavish, D. C., Messman, B., Ruggero, C. J., & Kelly, K. (2022). Shift Work Disorder Index: initial validation and psychosocial associations in a sample of nurses. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 18(10), 2339-2351. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.10108
Commercial users, healthcare organizations, funded users:
Please contact go to https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/shift-work-disorder-index for permission and licensing information.
The FoSI-SF is a brief instrument developed to measure fear of sleep in individuals especially those with PTSD. Individuals with PTSD are the FoSI-SF’s target group because fear of sleep may account for some of the variance in the relationship between trauma and sleep difficulties. The FoSI-SF assesses multiple aspects of fear of sleep including fear of nightmares, fear of loss of control, fear of darkness and other dimensions. The FoSI-SF is an internally consistent measure specific to the fear of sleep construct and has shown good convergent and discriminant validity.
The paper describing the development and validation of the FoSI-SF is available below:
Reference:
Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Ruggero, C., Boals, A., Davis, J. L., Cranston, C., DeViva, J. C. & Zayfert, C. (2014). A psychometric study of the Fear of Sleep Inventory Short Form (FoSI-SF). Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 10(5), 551-558. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.3710
Commercial users, healthcare organizations, funded users:
The Fear of Sleep Inventory (© 2004 Claudia Zayfert and Jason C DeViva) was used with permission of the authors:
Claudia Zayfert at claudia.zayfert@dartmouth.edu or cz@evermindgroup.com
Jason C. DeViva at jason.deviva@va.gov
The Whole Week Self-Assessment of Sleep Survey (SASS) and Split Week SASS (SASS-Y) are essentially retrospective questionnaire versions of a prospective sleep diary. Both have stronger correlations with sleep diary than the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysse et al., 1989). The SASS-Y has double the number of questions, but demonstrated stronger correlations with prospective sleep diaries and slightly less biased compared to SASS for TWAK, SOL, SE, and QUAL. However, the SASS resulted in slightly less bias for TST and WASO compared to SASS-Y.
Reference:
Dietch, J.R., Sethi, K., Slavish, D.C., & Taylor, D.J. (2019). Validity of two retrospective questionnaire versions of the Consensus Sleep Diary: The whole week and split week Self-Assessment of Sleep Surveys. Sleep Medicine, 63, 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.05.015
Abstract
Objective/Background
Prospective, daily sleep diaries are the gold standard for assessing subjective sleep but are not always feasible for cross-sectional or epidemiological studies. The current study examined psychometric properties of two retrospective questionnaire versions of the Consensus Sleep Diary.
Participants/Methods
College students (N = 131, mean age = 19.39 ± 1.65; 73% female) completed seven days of prospective sleep diaries then were randomly assigned to complete either the Self-Assessment of Sleep Survey (SASS), which assessed past week sleep (n = 70), or the SASS-Split (SASS-Y), which assessed weekday/weekend sleep separately (n = 61). Participants also completed psychosocial/sleep questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sleep parameters derived from SASS, SASS-Y, PSQI, and sleep diaries was assessed via Bland Altman plots, limits of agreement, mean differences, and correlations.
Results
SASS-Y demonstrated stronger correlations with prospective sleep diaries and slightly less biased estimates (r = .51 to .85, α = -0.43 to 1.70) compared to SASS (r = .29 to .84, α = -1.63 to 2.33) for TWAK, SOL, SE, and QUAL. SASS resulted in slightly less bias for TST and WASO (α = -0.65 and 0.93, respectively) compared to SASS-Y (α = 14.90 and 1.05, respectively). SASS and SASS-Y demonstrated greater convergence with sleep diary than PSQI.
Conclusions
Results demonstrate good psychometric properties for the SASS and SASS-Y. When prospective sleep diaries are not feasible, the SASS and SASS-Y are acceptable substitutes to retrospectively estimate sleep parameters. Retrospective estimation of sleep parameters separately for weekdays/weekends may offer advantages compared to whole week estimation.
Access
Please go to the following links for SASS and SASS-Y for permission and licensing information:
SASS: https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/whole-week-self-assessment-of-sleep-survey
SASS-Y: https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/split-week-self-assessment-of-sleep-survey